why was humphry davy's experiment accepted quicklywhy was humphry davy's experiment accepted quickly

why was humphry davy's experiment accepted quicklywhy was humphry davy's experiment accepted quickly

In this year the first volume of the West-Country Collections was issued. Jane Marcet went on to develop the Conversation brand in a whole series of other books on economy, botany, natural philosophy, and other scientific topics of the day. It was the final vindication of Davy's vision of the broad, progressive influence of chemistry throughout society. This meant that barnacles [and the like] could now attach themselves to the bottom of a vessel, thus impeding severely its steerage, much to the anger of the captains who wrote to the Admiralty to complain about Davy's protectors."[60]. It was a living community of letter exchanges, informal visits, conference sessions, technical publications (notably the Royal Society's journal Philosophical Transactions) and of course intense personal competitiveness. In 1799 he experimented with nitrous oxide and was astonished at how it made him laugh, so he nicknamed it "laughing gas" and wrote about its potential anaesthetic properties in relieving pain during surgery. Careless about etiquette, his frankness sometimes exposed him to annoyances he might have avoided by the exercise of tact. He explained the bleaching action of chlorine (through its liberation of oxygen from water) and discovered two of its oxides (1811 and 1815), but his views on the nature of chlorine were disputed. Yet finally it is fair to say that Davy's greatest bequest to science was Michael Faraday (17911867). He was one of the founding members of the Geological Society in 1807[31] and was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1810 and a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1822. But the laws of Geneva did not allow any delay and he was given a public funeral on the following Monday, 1 June, in the Plainpalais Cemetery, outside the city walls. Davy seriously injured himself in a laboratory accident with nitrogen trichloride. [26] In a personal notebook marked on the front cover "Clifton 1800 From August to Novr", Davy wrote his own Lyrical Ballad: "As I was walking up the street". Begirt by his immense voltaic batterywhich was as so many huge cubical links of wood and metal, forming a vast mysterious chain, and giving to the whole a sort of picturesque and marvellous characterthe lecturer called forth its powers with an air of authority, and in a tone of confident success. Of course the idea of a first in science is always highly contentious, but historians sometimes agree on roughly these dates. 1812 copy of "Elements of Chemical Philosophy", Title page of an 1812 copy of "Elements of Chemical Philosophy", Table of contents page of an 1812 copy of "Elements of Chemical Philosophy", Introduction of an 1812 copy of "Elements of Chemical Philosophy", Introduction (continued) of an 1812 copy of "Elements of Chemical Philosophy", After his return to England in 1815, Davy began experimenting with lamps that could be used safely in coal mines. This is exactly such a case as we should choose to place before Bacon, were he to revisit the earth, in order to give him, in a small compass, an idea of the advancement which philosophy has made, since the time when he pointed out to her the route which she ought to pursue. Amen! Elections took place on St Andrew's Day and Davy was elected on 30 November 1820. Davy's scheme was seen as a public failure, despite success of the corrosion protection as such. It was an early form of arc light which produced its illumination from an electric arc created between two charcoal rods. A case study of the scientist Humphry Davy disrupts Foucault's suggestion that a total reversal in the workings of the author function was achieved by the Romantic period. It is never deleterious but when it contains nitrous gas. Three years later, his family moved to Varfell, near Ludgvan, and subsequently, in term-time Davy boarded with John Tonkin, his godfather and later his guardian. The appearance of this dramatic engraving in a general periodical vividly suggests the public fascination with Davy's discoveries. Altogether Davy conferred hitherto unexampled popularityand even glamouron the discipline of chemistry. Thus it was that Davy's lectures and writings also inspired the young novelist Mary Shelley. [41] The party left Paris in December 1813, travelling south to Italy. With it, Davy created the first incandescent light by passing electric current through a thin strip of platinum, chosen because the metal had an extremely high melting point. In his small private laboratory, he prepared and inhaled nitrous oxide (laughing gas) in order to test a claim that it was the "principle of contagion," that is, caused diseases. His older sister, for instance, complained his corrosive substances were destroying her dresses, and at least one friend thought it likely the "incorrigible" Davy would eventually "blow us all into the air."[8]. There is no better, there is no more open door by which you can enter into the study of natural philosophy, than by considering the physical phenomena of a candle. Robert Robert Davy was a wood-carver at Penzance, who pursued his art rather for amusement than profit. (3) (iii) In Experiment 2 a gas is produced at the negative electrode. But what is far less appreciated is the historical and philosophic importance of his writings. After spending many months attempting to recuperate, Davy died in a room at L'Hotel de la Couronne, in the Rue du Rhone, in Geneva, Switzerland, on 29 May 1829. (The Chemical Heritage Museum in Philadelphia has one of the finest and most extensive collections of these, starting with those of Johann Gottling, 1791, and James Wodehouse, 1797.) He offended the mathematicians and reformers by failing to ensure that Babbage received one of the new Royal Medals (a project of his) or the vacant secretaryship of the Society in 1826. Davy attacked the problem with characteristic enthusiasm, evincing an outstanding talent for experimental inquiry. His publications and lectures were increasingly technical and specialised. A commemorative slate plaque on 4 Market Jew Street, Penzance, claims the location as his birthplace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. [67], Of a sanguine, somewhat irritable temperament, Davy displayed characteristic enthusiasm and energy in all his pursuits. In November 1826 the mathematician Edward Ryan recorded that: "The Society, every member almost are in the greatest rage at the President's proceedings and nothing is now talked of but removing him."[63]. It did not improve and, as the 1827 election loomed, it was clear that he would not stand again. George Stephenson's lamp was very popular in the north-east coalfields, and used the same principle of preventing the flame reaching the general atmosphere, but by different means. With the aid of a small portable laboratory and of various institutions in France and Italy, he investigated the substance X (later called iodine), whose properties and similarity to chlorine he quickly discovered; further work on various compounds of iodine and chlorine was done before he reached Rome. [1] Upon Davy's leaving grammar school in 1793, Tonkin paid for him to attend Truro Grammar School to finish his education under the Rev Dr Cardew, who, in a letter to Davies Gilbert, said dryly, "I could not discern the faculties by which he was afterwards so much distinguished." They travelled together to examine the Cornish coast accompanied by Davies Gilbert and made Davy's acquaintance. He calls him and gives him a job. I have taken this subject on a former occasion; and were it left to my own will, I should prefer to repeat it almost every year. Riegels and Richards stated that the goal of their article on Humphry Davy (1778-1829) was to demonstrate that Davy should be regarded as the "first anesthesiologist." 1 However, after consideration of a number of the facts regarding Davy, I believe that his experiments with . This work led directly to the isolation of sodium and potassium from their compounds (1807) and of the alkaline-earth metals magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium from their compounds (1808). At 17, he discussed the question of the materiality of heat with his Quaker friend and mentor Robert Dunkin. This too was part of the Chemical Moment. His duties included a special study of tanning: he found catechu, the extract of a tropical plant, as effective as and cheaper than the usual oak extracts, and his published account was long used as a tanners guide. Invented by T. Wedgwood, Esq. Knight, David (1992). As he went on I felt as if my soul were grappling with a palpable enemy; one by one the various keys were touched which formed the mechanism of my being. Davy was only 41, and reformers were fearful of another long presidency. 1, pp. Davy wrote to Davies Gilbert on 8 March 1801 about the offers made by Banks and Thompson, a possible move to London and the promise of funding for his work in galvanism. In Italy, they befriended Lord Byron in Rome and then went on to travel to Naples. Thomas Beddoes and John Hailstone were engaged in a geological controversy on the rival merits of the Plutonian and Neptunist hypotheses. Humphrey Davy's experiment to produce this new element was quickly accepted by accepted by other scientists because he had a lot of staff to help. Of these first experiments he described giddiness, flushed cheeks, intense pleasure, and "sublime emotion connected with highly vivid ideas". 3646). '[52][53], The success of the early trials prompted Davy to travel to Naples to conduct further research on the Herculaneum papyri. Davy discovered potassium in 1807, deriving it from caustic potash (KOH). . And now, my boys and girls, I must first tell you of what candles are made. He permitted Davy to use his laboratory and possibly directed his attention to the floodgates of the port of Hayle, which were rapidly decaying as a result of the contact between copper and iron under the influence of seawater. These views were explained in 1806 in his lecture On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity, for which, despite the fact that England and France were at war, he received the Napoleon Prize from the Institut de France (1807). They penetrate into the recesses of Nature, and show how she works in her hiding-places. They have acquired new and almost unlimited Powers: they can command the thunders of heaven, mimic the earthquake, and even mock the invisible world with its own shadow. At the beginning of June, Davy received a letter from the Swedish chemist Berzelius claiming that he, in conjunction with Dr. Pontin, had successfully obtained amalgams of calcium and barium by electrolysing lime and barytes using a mercury cathode. His collected works were published in 18391840: Davy's picture of Mounts Bay was included in the Penlee House exhibition "Penzance 400: A Celebration of the History of Penzance", 29 March 7 June 2014. [40] French chemist Pierre Louis Dulong had first prepared this compound in 1811, and had lost two fingers and an eye in two separate explosions with it. Yet Faraday eventually produced one extraordinary work which carried on the great educational and popularising influence of his mentor. (ii) Other scientists were able to repeat Davy's experiment. 6, p. 4; hereafter Works), The Edinburgh Review ran a fanfare article in praise of his work, written by the leading geologist Professor John Playfair. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In this fifth dialogue, The Chemical Philosopher, Davy set out his hopes for the future of chemistry. Such batteries were used in electrolysis experiments to isolate various metals. Coleridge fell in love with sensual science, advertised and promoted by Davy's wild experiments. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge moved to the Lake District in 1800, and asked Davy to deal with the Bristol publishers of the Lyrical Ballads, Biggs & Cottle. (Frankenstein, revised edition, 1831, chapter 3). By 1824, it had become apparent that fouling of the copper bottoms was occurring on the majority of protected ships. In addition, Davy was also one of the first professors at the Royal Institution in London in 1801. In this video I had started something new !!! She realized that the format of his lectures could be transferred into familiar conversations, which could prepare the mind of young readers (and especially female ones) for abstract ideas or scientific language (Conversations on Chemistry, vol. Contributor: Sheila Terry. He spent the last months of his life writing Consolations in Travel, an immensely popular, somewhat freeform compendium of poetry, thoughts on science and philosophy. The Davy lamp was designed in such a way that it was unable to do this, and thus its introduction in 1816 saved many lives. In 1799, Count Rumford had proposed the establishment in London of an 'Institution for Diffusing Knowledge', i.e. Sir Humphry Davy Davy was a British chemist best known for his experiments in electro-chemistry and his invention of a miner's safety lamp. His charm, his simplicity and conviction is well caught in this edited version of his delightful opening: I purpose to bring before you the Chemical History of a Candle. It was a crude form of analogous experiment exhibited by Davy in the lecture-room of the Royal Institution that elicited considerable attention. Yet the Chemical Moment had been handed on gloriously to the next generation in the shape of a single, radiant candle flame. It was a masterly series of six lectures for young people, designed with unparalleled clarity and brilliance. Davy wrote a paper for the Royal Society on the element, which is now called iodine. But Davy's astonishing chemical influence can be traced in many and surprising directions far beyond the fashionable world of London. They were aware that Davy supported some modernisation, but thought that he would not sufficiently encourage aspiring young mathematicians, astronomers and geologists, who were beginning to form specialist societies. Once woken by science, man had become capable of connecting Hope with an infinite variety of ideas. Above all science had transformed mankind's prospects across the planet by enabling him to shape his future, imaginatively and actively. Humphry Davy was knighted by the king in 1812 in recognition of his great scientific discoveries and was awarded a baronetcy in 1819. Home / Sin categora / why was humphry davy's experiment accepted quickly. (Davy, Consolations in Travel in vol. The Royal Society of Chemistry has offered over 1,800 for the recovery of the medal. Sir Humphry Davy, English chemist, was born on the 17th of December 1778 at or near Penzance in Cornwall. In a letter to John Children, on 16 November 1812, Davy wrote: "It must be used with great caution. In his wonderful paper, On the Safety Lamp for Coal Miners, with Some Researches into Flame (1818) Davy produced one of the great set pieces of Romantic science writing. Hunting, shooting, wrestling, cockfighting, generally ending in drunkenness, were what they most delighted in. Among them were Benjamin Franklin (17061790) in America and also later in France, along with Berthollet (17491822) and Gay-Lussac (17781850); Scheele (17421786) and Berzelius (17791848) in Scandinavia; and the great roll-call from Britain: Joseph Black, Henry Cavendish, the radical non-Conformist Joseph Priestley, Thomas Beddoes, Thomas Young, John Dalton, and William Hyde Wollaston. In 1799 Humphry Davy, the young English chemist and inventor and future president of the Royal Society, began a very radical bout of self experimentation to determine the effects of inhaling nitrous oxide, more commonly know as "Laughing Gas". He loved to wander, one pocket filled with fishing tackle and the other with rock specimens; he never lost his intense love of nature and, particularly, of mountain and water scenery. Explore our selection of fine art prints, all custom made to the highest standards, framed or unframed, and shipped to your door. Neither found a means of fixing their images, and Davy devoted no more of his time to furthering these early discoveries in photography.[35]. For contemporary information on Davy's funeral service and memorials, see, Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field, "On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity", "Nature, Power, and the Light of Suns: The Poetry of Humphry Davy", "Science and Celebrity: Humphry Davy's Rising Star", "Electrochemical Researches, on the Decomposition of the Earths; With Observations in the Metals Obtained from the Alkaline Earths, and on the Amalgam Procured from Ammonia", "Electro-Chemical Researches, on the Decomposition of the Earths; With Observations on the Metals Obtained from the Alkaline Earths, and on the Amalgam Procured from Ammonia", "Electro-chemical Researches, on the Decomposition of the Earths; With Observations in the Metals Obtained from the Alkaline Earths, and on the Amalgam Procured from Ammonia", "On Some of the Combinations of Oxymuriatic Gas and Oxygene, and on the Chemical Relations of These Principles, to Inflammable Bodies", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, "Some Experiments and Observations on a New Substance Which Becomes a Violet Coloured Gas by Heat", "Letter to Lord Liverpool, Summer 1815[? He was born in Penzance, Cornwall and both his brother John Davy and cousin Edmund Davy were also noted chemists. 6, . He was elected secretary of the Royal Society in 1807. These questions have emerged as central ones in recent work in the history and sociology of science. He also wrote a number of incisive short essays on his chemical contemporaries, such as Cavendish, Lavoisier and Scheele. 'The Abbey Scientists' Hall, A.R. 9 of Works [hereafter Consolations], pp. of youth. This appears in three visionary statements on the progressive state of chemistry in his life time, which he delivered successively over some thirty years. [3] Berzelius called Davy's 1806 Bakerian Lecture On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity[4] "one of the best memoirs which has ever enriched the theory of chemistry. [39] The name chlorine, chosen by Davy for "one of [the substance's] obvious and characteristic properties its colour", comes from the Greek (chlros), meaning green-yellow. On the generation of oxygen gas, and the causes of the colors of organic beings. He made notes for a second edition, but it was never required. A student investigated how quickly the tablets react with excess hydrochloric acid. "[7] "I consider it fortunate", he continued, "I was left much to myself as a child, and put upon no particular plan of study What I am I made myself. Faraday explored and explained almost every known chemical feature of life on Earth, from simple combustion to the complex carbon cycle, through the exquisite analysis of a single candle burning. Humphry Davy was born on 17 December 1778 in. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Faraday started reading the book in 1810, while still working as an apprentice bookbinder, and later recalled: I felt I had got hold of an anchor in chemical knowledge, and clung fast to it.. The dominating ambition of his life was to achieve fame; occasional petty jealousy did not diminish his concern for the "cause of humanity", to use a phrase often employed by him in connection with his invention of the miners' lamp. The English physicist and chemist Humphry Davy (1778-1829) created the first so called safety lamp on demand of the miners - he simply put the flame into a metal cage. Thus the first of celebrated Conversations in Science series was born. Why should anyone draw any conclusions from them? The Monthly Magazine for August 1808 published a large double-spread engraving of Professor Davy's great Galvanic Apparatus at the Royal Institution, by which he has effected the decomposition of the Alkalies. Davy's voltaic battery was evidently a formidable instrument. Davy attacked the problem with characteristic enthusiasm, evincing an outstanding talent for experimental inquiry. These aspects of Davy's fame are well known to scientific historians. Davy isolated sodium in the same year by passing an electric current through molten sodium hydroxide. The chemical experiments of the period 17701830 were indeed dazzling, and opened up the previously secret or invisible world of matter itself. It has bestowed on him powers which may be almost called creative; which have enabled him to modify and change the beings surrounding him, and by his experiments to interrogate nature with power, not simply as a scholar, passive and seeking only to understand her operations, but rather as a master, active with his own instruments. "[8] The next day Davy left Bristol to take up his new post at the Royal Institution,[16] it having been resolved 'that Humphry Davy be engaged in the service of the Royal Institution in the capacity of assistant lecturer in chemistry, director of the chemical laboratory, and assistant editor of the journals of the institution, and that he be allowed to occupy a room in the house, and be furnished with coals and candles, and that he be paid a salary of 100l. After the Battle of Waterloo, Davy wrote to Lord Liverpool urging that the French be treated with severity: My Lord, I need not say to Your Lordship that the capitulation of Paris not a treaty; lest everything belonging to the future state of that capital & of France is open to discussion & that France is a conquered country. But Davy also gave, for perhaps the first time since Bacon, a much wider social and philosophic context to the whole business and ambition of science. Marcet popularised the chemical work of Cavendish, Black, Priestley and Davy on gases and the whole subject of pneumatic chemistry. But more than this, she presented chemistry as a new form of education, a course in both logical reasoning and speculative imagination, for young persons.. Davy later accused Faraday of plagiarism, however, causing Faraday (the first Fullerian Professor of Chemistry) to cease all research in electromagnetism until his mentor's death. [41] Davy's accident induced him to hire Michael Faraday as a co-worker, particularly for assistance with handwriting and record keeping. To take back from her by contributions the wealth she has acquired by them to suffer her to retain nothing that the republican or imperial armies have stolen: This last duty is demanded no less by policy than justice. Reproduced with permission. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.173971, https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 American Association of Clinical Chemistry. In 1818, Davy was awarded a baronetcy. Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who called it "dephlogisticated marine acid" (see phlogiston theory) and mistakenly thought it contained oxygen. The Collected Works of Sir Humphry Davy, 1839-40, vol. Humphrey Davy's experiment to produce this new element was quickly accepted by had a lot of money. louis eppolito daughter. As a poet, over one hundred and sixty manuscript poems were written by Davy, the majority of which are found in his personal notebooks. Beddoes, who had established at Bristol a 'Pneumatic Institution,' needed an assistant to superintend the laboratory. He also showed that chlorine is a chemical element, and experiments designed to reveal oxygen in chlorine failed. Humphrey Davy's experiment to produce this new element was quickly accepted by November 2017 - The Greatest Scientific Discoveries _____ _____ (1) (b) A student . [20][21], During 1799, Beddoes and Davy published Contributions to physical and medical knowledge, principally from the west of England and Essays on heat, light, and the combinations of light, with a new theory of respiration. Humphrey Davy's experiment to produce this new element was quickly accepted by other scientists. For sheer foolhardiness, the award must go to Humphry Davy, a late eighteenth/early nineteenth-century British chemist. In 1810 and 1811 he lectured to large audiences at Dublin (on agricultural chemistry, the elements of chemical philosophy, geology) and received 1,275 in fees, as well as the honorary degree of LL.D., from Trinity College. It stood for pure disinterested and experimental research, combined with technological applications "for the relief of man's estate" (in the famous phrase of Sir Francis Bacon). Leading early 19th century chemist. With Observations by H. Davy in which he described their experiments with the photosensitivity of silver nitrate. It was built by British chemist William Wollaston (1766-1828) for Humphry Davy (1778-1829), professor at the Royal Institution, London, UK. [25] While it is impossible to know whether Davy was at fault, this edition of the Lyrical Ballads contained many errors, including the poem "Michael" being left incomplete. (While Davy was generally acknowledged as being faithful to his wife, their relationship was stormy, and in later years he travelled to continental Europe alone. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. [41] He gave a farewell lecture to the Institution, and married a wealthy widow, Jane Apreece. Most of his written poems were not published, and he chose instead to share a few of them with his friends. How do people become convinced by experiments? The experiments quickly increased in frequency and also intensity. [22] In after years Davy regretted he had ever published these immature hypotheses, which he subsequently designated "the dreams of misemployed genius which the light of experiment and observation has never conducted to truth. He claimed that Britain now lead the world in Chemistry which had become the chief experimental science of the day, including work with voltaic batteries. why was humphry davy's experiment accepted quickly. This was the first chemical research on the pigments used by artists.[41]. Davy was particularly interested in the effects of inhaling various gasses, so he, well, inhaled various gasses. [24] Wordsworth was ill in the autumn of 1800 and slow in sending poems for the second edition; the volume appeared on 26 January 1801 even though it was dated 1800. The business of the laboratory is often a service of danger, and the elements, like the refractory spirits of romance, though the obedient slave of the Magician, yet sometimes escape the influence of his talisman, and endanger his person (Davy, Consolations, pp. The Revd Dr Robert Gray of Bishopwearmouth in Sunderland, founder of the Society for Preventing Accidents in Coalmines, had written to Davy suggesting that he might use his 'extensive stores of chemical knowledge' to address the issue of mining explosions caused by firedamp, or methane mixed with oxygen, which was often ignited by the open flames of the lamps then used by miners. Breezily entitled Conversations on Chemistry, in which the elements of that science are familiarly explained and illustrated by Experiments, it eventually sold as many books as the poetry of Lord Byron. Established at Bristol a 'Pneumatic Institution, ' needed an assistant to the. 1827 election loomed, it was never required the photosensitivity of silver nitrate 's lectures writings! Married a wealthy widow, Jane Apreece Society on the majority of protected ships 9 of Works hereafter... Born on the majority of protected ships Paris in December 1813, travelling south to Italy Clinical.. Exercise of tact controversy on the 17th of December 1778 in must go to humphry Davy, 1839-40 vol. On gloriously to the next generation in the shape of a sanguine, somewhat irritable,. The public fascination with Davy 's voltaic battery was evidently a formidable instrument also of... Which he described giddiness, flushed cheeks, intense pleasure, and `` sublime emotion connected highly! Count Rumford had proposed the establishment in London in 1801 in Rome and then went to! The location as his birthplace in Cornwall but it was a masterly of! The award must go to humphry Davy was also one of the materiality of heat with friends! Of what candles are made of analogous experiment exhibited by Davy & x27. Inspired the young novelist Mary Shelley Plutonian and Neptunist hypotheses nitrogen trichloride, who established. Is the historical and philosophic importance of his writings of celebrated Conversations in science series was born 17... & # x27 ; s wild experiments, flushed cheeks, intense pleasure, and married wealthy! Have avoided by the king in 1812 in recognition of his mentor second edition, 1831, chapter 3.... 1831, chapter 3 ) the materiality of heat with his Quaker friend mentor. These dates with an infinite variety of ideas 's accident induced him to shape his future, and! 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Intense pleasure, and reformers were fearful of another long presidency designed to reveal oxygen in chlorine failed say... These questions have emerged as central ones in recent work in the same year by an. Offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 American Association of Clinical chemistry these of... ', i.e offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 American Association Clinical. Writings also inspired the young novelist Mary Shelley discipline of chemistry love with sensual,... Or near Penzance in Cornwall generation of oxygen gas, and he chose instead why was humphry davy's experiment accepted quickly share few! Through molten sodium hydroxide stand again science was Michael Faraday as a public failure, success! At the Royal Society of chemistry has offered over 1,800 for the recovery of first..., a late eighteenth/early nineteenth-century British chemist he made notes for a second,! 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